What is HPV? HPV is a virus, meaning that HPV can be treated but not cured. There are over 100 types of HPV with approximately 40 affecting the genital area (anus, penis, scrotum, vagina, and cervix). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States with approximately 6.2 million people becoming infected annually with as many as half of them between the ages of 15 to 24 years old (CDC, 2005). Most HPV infections do not cause any symptoms, and 90% of women become negative within two years. However, persistent infections with certain types of HPV can lead to cervical cancer. HPV is transmitted via direct contact with skin or mucous membranes of an infected individual. To reduce this contact, practice being sexually abstinent or using a form of barrier protection consistently and accurately will reduce your chances of contraction. Being involved in an open, honest, monogamous relationship will help reduce transmission also. What is the HPV vaccine? The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccine in June 2006 for females aged 9-26. The vaccine is a series of three injections given at time 0 (date of first vaccination), second dose given 2 months after the first dose, and then at 6 months from dose one. The vaccine protects against 4 major types of HPV: 2 types that cause 70% of cervical cancers and 2 types that cause about 90% of genital warts. While the HPV vaccine protects against most genital warts and most cases of cervical cancer, it is very important to continue regular cervical cancer screenings because the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types. Who should get the vaccine? Currently recommended for girls between 11-12 years of age but has been approved for girls and women between ages 9-26. Ideally, the vaccine would be obtained prior to becoming sexually active. Those women who have already been infected with one or more types of HPV should still get vaccinated as the vaccine would still offer protection against those types they have not acquired. Who should not get the vaccine? Pregnant women, boys or men, individuals with history of yeast allergies Are there any side effects of the vaccine? Some individuals have experienced mild problems such as:
Where can I get the HPV vaccine? These are the current options for receiving the HPV vaccine:
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